STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOREIGN TRADE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION

Abstract

The special military operation initiated in 2022 has significantly transformed the conditions of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, affecting both the geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade. The introduction of large-scale sanctions restrictions, changes in logistics routes, and the reorientation of trade flows have necessitated a comprehensive statistical analysis of export-import dynamics and the country’s trade balance.

The article presents a statistical analysis of the Russian Federation’s foreign trade in 2023-2024 based on official customs statistics. It examines key indicators of foreign trade turnover, exports, imports, and trade surplus, and identifies structural changes in the commodity and geographical composition of trade. Particular attention is paid to the reorientation of export supplies toward Asian markets, the reduction in trade volumes with European Union countries, and short-term trends observed in early 2025.

The study concludes that under sanctions pressure, the foreign trade of the Russian Federation demonstrates relative stability alongside profound structural transformation. The preservation of a positive trade balance and the growth of exports to eastern markets indicate the adaptive capacity of the national economy. The findings emphasize the need for further diversification of export structure, development of logistics infrastructure, and strengthening of the industrial base to ensure long-term stability of foreign economic activity.